Heart Attack

What is a heart attack, and what increases my risk?

A heart attack, also known as a myocardial infarction, happens when blood flow to part of the heart muscle is suddenly blocked, usually by a clot forming over a buildup of fatty deposits (plaque) in the coronary arteries. Without oxygen-rich blood, the affected heart muscle begins to die, making quick treatment critical to save your heart tissue and life.

Heart attacks often result from coronary artery disease (CAD), which develops slowly as plaque builds up in the arteries. The main risk factors include:

• High blood pressure
• High cholesterol or triglyceride levels
• Smoking
• Diabetes
• Obesity and physical inactivity
• Unhealthy diet (high in salt, sugar, or saturated fats)
• Family history of heart disease
• Stress and excessive alcohol use
• Older age
• Being male (though women’s risk rises after menopause)

The more risk factors you have, the greater your chance of a heart attack.

What are the symptoms of a heart attack?

Symptoms can vary, but common warning signs include:

• Chest pain or discomfort
• Pain radiating to the arm, neck, jaw, shoulder, or back
• Shortness of breath
• Cold sweat, nausea, or vomiting
• Lightheadedness or sudden fatigue

Some people may have “silent” heart attacks with mild or atypical symptoms, such as fatigue or indigestion-like discomfort.

What should I do if I suspect I am having a heart attack?

If you think you might be having a heart attack, call 911 for emergency aid. While you’re waiting for help, chew one adult aspirin (325 mg) to help reduce clotting (unless you’re allergic), and stay calm and sit or lie down to reduce strain on the heart.

Quick treatment within the first hour improves your chances of survival and limits heart damage.

How can I protect myself from heart attacks?

Dr. Ortega monitors your heart health, collaborates with your primary care provider when needed, and focuses on prevention. She may recommend that you adopt a heart-healthy lifestyle and control medical conditions, such as high blood pressure, diabetes, and high cholesterol, with regular check-ups and prescribed medications.

Dr. Ortega can use electrocardiograms (ECG/EKG) and cardiac stress tests to detect early signs of heart disease, as well as echocardiography or CT coronary angiography with calcium scores to assess your heart function and artery health.

To schedule your consultation, call Dr. Ortega or book conveniently online today.